Hair waving apparatus



May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,342

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 F"IE 5-.

2 o mww ATTORNEYS.

May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,842

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1951 3 Shets-Sheet 2 FIE '7. 8?

INVEN TOR. 19040/7 M Kee/e ATTORNEYS.

May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,842

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.2040/7 M ,Uez/e F'IE 1 E A TTORNEYS.

Patented May 23, 1933 UNITED STATES m'rlzia'r OFFICE RALPH I. KEELE, OFSAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY HESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO D'UABTKANUFACTUBJNG CO. LTD., 0! SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Application filed January 24, 1981.

This invention relates generally to apparatus for wavin hair, and hasparticular application to such apparatuses which utilize'application ofheat for effecting a permanent set to the wave.

At the present time there are two general types of hair wavingappliances in general usage. In one type a strand of hair is wrappedspirally about a spindle, beginning at the base of the strand. Heat isthen applied while the s indle extends outwardly from the head. paratusof this character is somewhat dil cult to manipulate, and the waveimparted to the hair is not always as natural as is desired. In anothertype of apparatus, commonly referred to as the croquignole type, astrand of hair is wound upon a spindle, beginning at the tip of thestrand and winding toward the head. After the strand has been wrappedupon the spindle, this spindle is locked to a protector in such a manneras to maintain the convolutions of the hair in tensioned condition. Heatis then applied, either by a device which fits over the wound spindle,or by a heating element which is inserted into the interior of thespindle. While it is generally considered that croquignole wavingapparatus will impart a more natural wave to the hair than the typepreviously described, it is impossible with such apparatus to wave onlya portion, of the hair, as is frequently desirab e.

It is an object of the present invention to devise a new type of hairwaving apparatus which will obviate disadvantages in prior apparatusessuch as described above. The present invention is characterized by thefact that a wave can be applied to only a portion of the hair strand,although the curler when in operating condition extends substantiallyparallel to the adjacent portion of the scalp, as in prior croquignoleapparatus.

It is a further object of the invention to devise a hair wavingapparatus which will enable tensioning of the convolutions of hair u onthe curler without the use of objectiona le ratcheting devices orequivalent means.

It is a further object of the invention to Serial No. 511,006.

-lents consistent with the state of the prior art.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view illustrating a protectorincorporating principles of the present invention, and also illustratingthe combing tool which is utilized with my apparatus.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a curler or mandrel incorporated inmy apparatus.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the curler shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of the combing tool illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the protector illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view, partly in cross section, illustratingthe manner in which the mandrel of Figs. 3 and 4 is engaged with astrand of hair, preparatory to a waving operation.

Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 99 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the protector and curler,illustrating the curler in operating position upon 'the protector.

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of a tool which I can utilize forenabling quick disengagement of the curler from its associated protectorafter a waving operation.

Fig. 12 is an end view of the apparatus I modified type of curlercapable of being used in my apparatus, certain parts being broken away.

Fig. 14 is a transverse cross sectional detail of the curler illustratedin Figure 13.

Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 13, illustrating a further form ofcurler.

Fig. 16 is a transverse cross sectional detail of the curler illustratedin Fig.15-

Fig. 17-is a plan view illustrating the manner in which the curler ofFig. 13 can be utilized in the waving of hair.

Fig. 18 is a plan view of a combing tool which can be utilized toadvantage in place of the tool illustrated in Fig. 5.

Fig. 19 is a plan View illustrating the manner in which the tool of Fig.18 can be utilized.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 6, the protector incorporated in myapparatus consists of two elongated members 10 and 11, havingcorresponding ends pivotally connected together by links 12. The freeends of members 10 and 11 are free to swing apart as shown in Fig. 6,and can be locked together by mechanism which in its preferred form canbe constructed as follows: Corresponding ends of links 13 are pivotallyconnected to the free end of member 10. A cam locking lever 14 ispivotally secured to the other ends of links 13. Locking lever 14 isadapted to engage a tongue 16 formed on member 11. whereby members 10and 11 can be locked together and tightly clamped upon a strand of hairas shown in Figs. 1 ad 2. As thus far described my protector is similarto devices of this character which have been previously used in the artin connection with croquignole waving.

The curler or mandrel 17 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is made of some suitablematerial, such as metal, and is provided with annular shoulders 18 toconfine the convolutions of hair to its medial portion. Shoulders 18 areshown merged with the medial portion of the curler by curved surfaces19. The ends of the curler beyond shoulder 18 are provided withcylindrical surfaces 21 for a purpose to be presently explained. Alongitudinal opening 22 extends substantially the entire length of thecurler, and this opening is accessible thru at least one end of thecurler,-the right hand end as illustrated in Fig. 3. In addition toopening 22 the curler is provided with a longitudinal slot 23 which alsoextends to the same end of the curler as that from which opening 22 isaccessible. Lateral slots 20 are also provided for a purpose to bepresently explained.

In mounting curlers upon protectors such as described above, it has beencommon to utilize ratcheting devices whereby after positioning thecurler upon a protector, further turning movement serves to tension thewound hair while the ratcheting device prevents unwinding movement. Forcertain reasons ratchetin means of this character is b'ectionable. orexample manipulation of t e apparatus causes a clicking noise which isunpleasant to the person whose hair is being waved. Furthermore hair isfrequently caught in the ratcheting elements and broken or severed. Inmy invention I eliminate the use of such ratcheting devices and providemeans whereby a purely frictional engagement is formed between theprotector and the curler. Thus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, spring metalclips 26 and 27 are mounted upon the ends of the protector, clip 27being mounted upon links 12 while clip 26 is mounted upon links 13. Whenthe two parts 10 and 11 of the protector are clamped upon a strand ofhair, clips 26 and 27 are spaced apart a distance equal to the spacingof cylindrical portions 21 of the curler. Assuming that the curler ispositioned upon clips 26 and 27, application of manual force towards theprotector spreads the clips sufficiently far to permit the curler tosnap into final position as shown in Fig. 10. When in such positionclips 26 and 27 engage portions 21 with sufficient force that rotationof the curler is resisted by considerable friction. Thus assuming that astrand of hair has been wound upon the curler and that the curler hasbeen snapped into final position as shown in Fig. 10, the curler can beturned manually to tension the convolutions of hair, and the curler willbe prevented from unwinding by the frictional force previouslydescribed. At the end of a waving operation it is a simple operation todisengage the curler from clips 26 and 27, by forcing the curleroutwardly from the protector.

In conjunction with my apparatus I prefer to utilize a combing tool suchas illustrated in detail in Fig. 5. This tool in its preferred form isscissors like and consists of the two elongated members 31 and 32 whichare movably connected together by pivot pin 33. Opposed finger engagingportions 34 and 36 are provided, whereb upon forcing these portionstogether, mem ers 31 and 32 are moved to a closed position such twomembers 41 and 42 pivotally connected together by pin 43, and normallyurged apart by spring 44. By applying manual force to bars 46 and 47,whic connect together members 41 and 42, the opposed wedge-shaped inFigs. 11 and 12. It is'of course obvious end portions 48 and 49 can beforced together. It is apparent that the end portions 48 and 49 can beengaged between the curler and the protector, in the manner illustratedin Fig. 12. A plication of sufiicient manual force to mem rs 46 and 17will therefore cause the curler to be forced outwardly with respect tothe protector, thus disengaging 1t from spring clips 26 and 27.

The method of utilizing my apparatus is as follows :A strand of hair tobe waived is isolated from the remainder of the hair and is engaged bythe protector as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. In such position theprotector extends substantially adjacent portion of the sea p. Theoperator then takes the combing tool illustrated in Fig. 5, and engagesthe strand adjacent the protector wit members 31 and 32 of this toolclosed as shown in Fig. 1. By moving this tool outwardly from theprotector, a certain portion 'of the strand next to the protector iscombed out and the individual 35 hairs distributed as shown in Fig. 1.The operator then takes the curler shown in Fig. 3, and forces thiscurler over the closed members 31 and 32 of the combing tool to theposition shown in Figs. 7 and 9. Application of the curler in thismanner does not disarrange that portion of the strand extending from thecombing tool to the protector, as this portion of the strand isaccommodated by a slot 23. The remainder of the strand of hair extendingbeyond the combing tool is accommodated within opening 22, and if it issufliciently long, it will extend beyond the open end of the curler. Theoperator then" grasps the ends of the curler, and by turning the curlerin one direction, the strand of hair is wrapped upon the outer peripheryof the curler until the curler has advanced into contact with springclips 26 and 27. The operator then applies suflicient manual force tothe ends of the curler to clip it into final position as shown in Fig.10. The tool of Fig. 5 is then engaged with slots 20 in the end of thecurler, as shown in Fig. 9, and using the tool as a wrench, furtherturning movement is applied to the curler to tension the hair upon thecurler, and to tension the hair extended from the curler to theprotector. The combing tool is then removed from the curler, a suitablepad or other wrapping applied to the wound hair, and a suitable externalheating appliance applied. A suitable heating appliance has not beenillustrated, as such devices are well known in the art. It is of courseobvious that various solutions can be applied to the hair to preventundue dryness or to produce special effects. After a waving operationthe curler is either disengaged from the protector by applying man ualforce, or by utilizing the tool illustrated arallel to the i that in anactual waving operation, a lurality of protectors and cur ers are empoyed simultaneously.

It is apparent that my apparatus has all the advantages of priorcroquignole waving apparatus, and at the same time onl a portion of astrand of hair can be wave is a distinct advantage in applying succes- 1sive waving. treatments to the hair, as it frequently happens that onlya portion of j the hair nearest the scalp need be waved. With myapparatus the wave can be applied only where required, and thus in reated treatments undue and'deleterious' heating of previously wavedportions of the hair can be avoided. I

With respect to the use of spring clips upon a protector for retainingthe curler, it should be noted that such a construction can be utilizedwith ordinary croquignole apparatus, utilizing ordinary prior curlers ormandrels adapted to be employed with either internal or externalheaters.

In Figures 13 and 14 there is shown a modified form of curler or mandrelwhich can be converted for waving the entire length of a hair strand. Itwill be noted that this curler is substantially the same as that shownin Figure 3 except that a metal ke 61 is frictionally and removablyretamed in slot 23. This key is provided with inclined comb teeth 62which project from that peripheral portion of the curler u on which thehair is wound. -With the ey in position as shown .by solid lines inFigure 13, the spindle can be used as shown in Figure 17. Assuming thata strand of hair has been engaged by the protector, the teeth 62 are enaged with the strand as shown in dotted Tines, and then moved out wardlyfrom the protector to comb the hair. When a position adjacent the tip ofthe strand has been reached, the spindle is rotated to wind up thecombed out strand, and then the spindle is engaged with the protector ashas been previously described. In Fi ures 15 and 16 there is shown aspindle aving combteeth 63 permanently fixed thereto and which can beused like the spindle of Figure 13, without, however, having theconvertability feature.

Figure 18 shows a tool which can be employed in place of the combingtool of Figure 5. Inthis case opposed handles 66 and .67 have a pivotalconnection 68 and are provided with elongated and flattened members 69and 71. Member 69 has a comb teeth 72 adapted to register with openings73 in member 71. A gauge strip 74 is secured to member 71. This tool isemployed in a manner similar to the tool of Figure 5 except that itcannot be accommodated within opening 22 of the spindle. As shown inFigure 19, after this tool has en- This I gaged the strand of hair andhas been moved outwardly the distance desired, the operator moves thespindle longitudinally of members 69 and 71 with the slot 23 adjacentthose longitudinal edges of members 69 and 71 which are remote from theprotector. Thus, the end portion of the hair strand extending beyond thetool is positioned in slot 23 and in opening 22, and then the operatordisengages the tool and at the same time engages a portion of the hairwhere it enters slot 23 and commences to rotate the spindle to wind thehair upon the same.

I claim:

1. In a hair waving apparatus, a curler or mandrel upon which a flatstrand of hair can be wound, said mandrel having a longitudinal openingextending thru one end of the same and also having a longitudinal slotextending to said end to permit the outer end portion of a strand ofhair to extend through said slot and then through said opening, and ascissors-like combing tool adapted to be removably positioned withinsaid opening.

2. In hair waving apparatus, a longitudinally slotted mandrel upon theouter periphery of which a strand of hair can be wound, said mandrelhaving a longitudinal opening, and a combing tool, said tool havingrelatively movable members adapted to be removably thrust into saidopening, said members having opposed edges adapted to effect a combingaction upon a hair strand.

3. In a hair waving apparatus, a protector adapted to be clamped upon astrand of hair, a curler or mandrel upon which the strand of hairextending from the protector can be wound, spring clips mounted upon theends of the protector, the ends of said curler being adapted to befrictionally engaged by said clips, and a tool engageable with the endportions of the curler and adapted to force the curler away from theprotector out of engagement with said clips.

'4. In a hair waving apparatus, a protector formed of two elongatedmembers adapted to clamp a strand of hair between the same, saidprotector when in clamped position extending substantially parallel toan adjacent portion of the scalp, a combing tool adapted to engage thestrand of hair at a point intermediate the protector and the outer endof the strand, a curler or mandrel having a longitudinal openingextending from one end of the same and having a longitudinal slot alsoextending from said end, said curler being adapted to be positioned oversaid tool whereby the strand of hair leading from the tool to theprotector lies within said' slot while the remaining portion of thestrand beyond said tool extends thru said opening in the curler, andmeans for engaging the curler upon the protector with that portion ofthe strand between the tool and the protector wound upon the curler,said tool also serving the purpose of a wrench to enable turningmovement of the curler.

5. In hair waving apparatus, a curler or mandrel upon which hair can bewound for a waving operation, said mandrel being provided with alongitudinal slot, a key adapted to be removably engaged with themandrel within said slot, and hair engaging elements formed on said key.

6. In a hair waving ap aratus, a curler or mandrel upon which a attenedstrand of hair can be wound, said mandrel having a longitudinal openingextending thru one end of the same and also having a longitudinal slotextending to said end to permit the outer end ortion of a strand of hairto extend thru said slot and then thru said opening, and a combing tooladapted to be slidably enga ed with said curler for movement longituinally thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

RALPH M. KEELE.

